Sunday, September 30, 2007

Homemade Moisturizer

There are varieties of moisturizers that you can actually prepare by yourself at your own home. Moisturizer helps in smoothing skin texture and promotes rejuvenation. Here are few tips for it. Use the one whichever you find suitable to your requirement.

Take a white transparent bowl and put 1 teaspoon of olive oil, 1 teaspoon of coconut oil, 1 teaspoon of vegetable oil, 2 teaspoon of strawberry crush along with 1 or 2 drops of vitamin E extract. Mix all the ingredients very well till you get a homogeneous form. Apply on face and massage very well.

Take half of a banana and smash it very well. Now add 2 teaspoons of honey along with ½ teaspoon of lemon juice, 2 teaspoons of sour cream. Apply all over the face and all the visible parts of your body. Massage nicely. Wash it off after 10-15minutes with lukewarm water.

Take 2 tablespoons of crushed ground almond with 1 tablespoon of honey and 1 tablespoon of olive oil. Mix them very well. Now apply all over the facial surface and the visible parts of the body. It will help in rejuvenating the skin by removing the dead cells (because of the almond crush) as well as it will helps in retaining water (as because honey is the natural humectants).
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Originally published in Blurtit.com
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Friday, September 28, 2007

How do group therapies work to solve personal problems

Group therapies are characterized by procedures in which several people discuss their problems with one another in the presence and under conditional intervention of a trained therapist. In some cases, clients are referred to participate in group therapy followed by individual counseling. As for example, Sigmund Freud’s modified for of psychodrama in which group members act out their problems in front of one another, often on an actual stage. In other cases, psychodrama involves role reversal, in which group members switch their parts, and mirroring, in which they portray one another on the stage. Both of the cases, the objective of the therapy is to show the clients’ the way they behave as well as to identify the factors behind their actions.

In behavioral group therapies, people are taught to acquire basic social skills, including dealing with communication problem to managing emotion in public. This type of therapy also focuses on assertiveness problem as well as identifying out-of-the-space tendencies, which acts as a strong motivator in self-induced social isolation and aggression.

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Originally published in Blurtit.com on 24th September, 2006 20:24
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Monday, September 24, 2007

Recipe with dates

Your answer is of course yes. You can prepare delicious rumaki with it. Well, who are known to rumaki, may give a short pause here, I believe. Because, I am not telling you it’s a rare item, but, well, of course, not so common yet. Not common, but entirely delicious and very easy to prepare. Those who are not known to rumaki let me give you a brief introduction of it. Rumaki is basically a Japanese appetizer. Whereas, its ingredients and method of preparation is always varies, but its usual form contains chicken liver and water chestnuts wrapped with bacon. But now, we are going to prepare Dates Rumaki for a change. Are you prepared?

For Date Rumaki to be prepared, you need 24 Pitted Medjool Dates, 8oz. Cream Cheese, 12 Slices of Bacon, and Soya sauce. Now you first stuff each pitted, split medjool with cream cheese and wrap with ½ slice of bacon. It is better if you attach some wooden toothpick to keep it in fixed place. Now marinate stuffed, wrapped dates in soy sauce for 30 minutes and after that keep it in the oven on a cookie sheet and bake at 400-450 degrees. Serve hot!

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Originally published in Blurtit.com on 23rd September, 2006 03:02
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A recent update on Mehendi!

Once again, I did mehendi work. Now day-by-day, I am becoming more confident about my works. On 3rd October, 2007 I am going to do mehendi for my first client professionally. Wow! I am very excited now, you know.

Last day, I did my free trial for the last time. It was good indeed. Do you like to have a look?

Another view:

Friday, September 21, 2007

My first Mehendi work!!!!

Heyyyyyy!!! I am so happy, you know!!! I just made a Mehendi design on hand. No, it's not on my hand, but I have created it on some others' hand!!! Can you believe it??? This is for the first time, I did the same! I am so excited you know!

Well, please have a look on it, and don't forget to comment Ok!!! :D

Hey, do you like it? Here is another view:

Now I am planning to give it a go ... very seriously .... What do you say? Please comment. :)

Thanks in advance.

Best regards,

Sudipa

Thursday, September 20, 2007

How do you control rumor?

Rumors are basically characterized by such types of information which may not be necessarily true or authentic. Different communicative media, say, television, radio, newspapers, Internet, for example, play a great role in spreading rumor in mass.

There are mainly 3 effective key by using which rumor can be controlled to some extent.

First Key: To develop some mechanism to determine what rumors are actually circulating in air.

Second Key: To develop a strategy to determine the authenticity and truthfulness of rumor.

Third Key: To develop mechanism to correct or rectify inaccurate rumors and replace them accordingly.

To implement these 3 keys into function, 3 steps must be followed.

Step 1: Rumor Identification
Step 2: Rumor Investigation, which includes 2 factors, namely, (I) Fact-finding efforts, and (II) neutral intermediaries
Step 3: Rumor Correction

Perhaps the best developed example of rumor control mechanism is the crisis control centers which was developed during the middle of the Cold War to prevent incomplete and inadequate information derived from military base which might turn into violent and dangerous confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union, if not handled carefully on time.
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Originally published in Blurtit.com on 24th September, 2006 19:57
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Color Psychology

Since the ancient times, it is believed that the human system is greatly affected by in the sense of affecting mood, emotion, feelings, cognition, aspiration etc. Thus, color and light have been interchangeably used by mostly every culture, religion and society in various ways to treat countless diseases. Color therapy suggests one can alter one’s state of health by altering surrounding colors. It has also been proven that light (or the absence of light) can have an effect on the hypothalamus, the pineal and the pituitary glands and subsequently on our mental and physical states of health.

The Egyptian culture used color in all aspects of their lives. They used vivacious paints in all their decorative drawings and hieroglyphics which adorned their homes, burial chambers and temples. Temples in their cultures was not only a place for worship, but were used for healing purposes. The rooms in Egyptian temples were constructed in such a way that the incoming rays of the sun were split into the colors of the spectrum and this was in turn used to treat diseases. Moreover, the Egyptians used gems as part of their color treatments. They believed that gems are pure, containing concentrated color, and so have a significant effect on the body.

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Originally published in Blurtit.com on 24th September, 2006 19:56
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Chakras in Human-Spiritual Body Model

The Chakras are considered as life and soul energy situated in human-spiritual-body system and they are arranged following the order of the continuum from red to violet in color resembling rainbow. The Chakras job is to push life energy through the body with the help of spiritual enhancement and activation, and to receive energy in receptor of every brightened chakra influencing the whole system. It is assumed that each chakra is associated with different thoughts and issues which directly or indirectly influence lifestyle, marriage, relationships, career, aspirations, mood, intelligence, creativity, etc. Hence if thoughts are positive, i.e., of harmony, love and peace in life, it will enhance the chakras to function properly and thereby providing energy, will-power and confidence. Whereas if thoughts are negative, then the corresponding chakra will become blocked, the color becomes dark. As for the working of the color therapy, it is believed that subtle energies from the environment are distributed through the body through seven Chakras.
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Originally published in Blurtit.com on 24th September, 2006 19:43
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Extra-Sensory Perception (ESP)

Extra-Sensory Perception (ESP) is a very interesting topic in Parapsychology. It is commonly termed by general mass as ‘Sixth Sense’ affirming presence of another sense apart from our common 5 senses. It is said that if someone possesses this sense, he or she might exist on an alternate reality and he or she is power-packed with some astonishingly super-power of sense the common reality through different perspective.

The term "ESP" was first coined in 1870 by Sir Richard Burton. ESP illustrates various dimensions including telepathy, clairvoyance, precognition, remote viewing and clairaudience. Though the existence of ESP and other paranormal activities are doubtful, but this couldn’t stop the enthusiastic researchers to continue their experiments on this aspect both at systematic and non-systematic level. And more interestingly, there are organizations, like James Randi Educational Foundation (
http://www.randi.org/), Federation of Indian Rationalists Association (http://www.srai.org/) who are strongly skeptical about the views defined in ESP, and have announced a REAL BIG PRIZE to someone who could possibly pass their ESP tests. Interesting indeed!

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Originally published in Blurtit.com on 24th September, 2006 19:55
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Binge Eating Disorder

In Binge Eating Disorder, one is compelled to have large amounts of food while feeling a loss of control on over eating. This disorder is not same as binge-purge syndrome (bulimia nervosa), as people suffering from binge eating disorder usually do not cleanse afterward by vomiting or using laxatives.

Common behaviors associated with Binge Eating Disorder

1. Frequency of eating is very high
2. No conscious control over eating
3. Amount of food is high than normal even when not hungry
4. Isolated eating just to avoid awkwardness regarding the amount of food
5. Acute feeling of self-pity characterized by depression and disgust of self

Cognitive therapy as well as behavioral therapy is very useful in order to help the client to identify and cause dysfunctional condition in thought patterns, attitudes and beliefs which may play a significant role to be responsible for this disorder. Moreover, the client is advised to do exercise on a daily schedule and the client is also encouraged to learn the eating-skill.

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Originally pyblished in Blurtit.com on 24th September, 2006 19:53
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Bulimia Nervosa

Bulimia Nervosa is characterized by an episodic binge eating followed by feeling of guilt, depression and self-pity. This is generally occurred in women of young age.

Common behaviors associated with Bulimia Nervosa

1. 'Binge-purge' episode, which is described as a compulsion to eat a large amount of food in a short time
2. Self-induced vomiting following the feeling of guilt and shame
3. Use of excessive amount of laxatives
4. Excessive exercises followed by self-pity
5. Inability to voluntarily stop eating
7. Depression
8. Conflict and stress regarding body issue and self-image

Treatment for bulimia nervosa includes almost same treatment pattern as anorexia nervosa, including cognitive therapy, self-evaluation, group therapy etc.

Anorexia Nervosa

Anorexia Nervosa is a psycho-physiological disorder. It is characterized by an intense fear of being obese associated with distorted self-image and a continuous unwillingness to have food. Most of the cases, it comes with self-induced vomiting, doing unnecessary workouts, and other changes.

Common behaviors associated with Anorexia Nervosa:

1. Abnormal and acute sensation about being obese
2. Stress and anxiety about self-image leads to depression and unhappiness along with mood disorder
3. Obsessive workouts and body measurement
4. Low self esteem
5. Abnormal fascination regarding health and health issues
6. Self-induced vomiting
7. Use of extreme amount of laxative and/or diet-pills

Treatment for Anorexia Nervosa is not that easy as it seems. It is not a problem with the starvation or nutrition that can be solved by injecting medicine or implementing any saline treatment, whereas lack of food may turn to real danger to life. This disorder is associated with an acute emotional disturbance along with the physiological condition that may worsen the situation more, as it involves intense negative feelings about self and surroundings as well as depression. To treat Anorexia Nervosa, it is always advised to provide a friendly and sensitive atmosphere to the victim to solve the crisis, because it may include sensitive issues that may even extend the periphery of the core problem. Therapies generally include counter-interference, self-evaluation, cognitive-oriented as well as group therapy on the later stage.
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Originally published in Blurtit.com on 24th September, 2006 19:52
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Kleptomania

Kleptomania is featured by a failure to resist urges to steal items that are not own, may not have any potential or monetary value either. But we should not mix up kleptomania with shoplifting, as both are not just same. The shoplifting is characterized by the conscious action of the performer intended to gain other’s valuable objects, whereas, Kleptomania develops as an unconscious obsessive part of mind which makes the victim to get into this type of act without giving any scope of considering the consequences altogether. Studies suggest it may derive as a result of depression or mood-disorder.

Though scientists are not too sure about the development of this disorder, but it is found that there is an indirect influence of serotonin, a brain chemical. Moreover, stressors like major loss or acute bereavement may also derive kleptomaniac behavior.

To treat this disorder individual counseling as well as therapeutic approaches combining drug therapy are in progress. But for this type of disorder as family plays a significant role so family therapy and controlled family intervention is indeed considered important. Antidepressants like Prozac which help in boosting the levels of serotonin may be useful in some cases.
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Originally published in Blurtit.com on 24th September, 2006 19:51
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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is defined as an unbearable state which goes after a shocking event. Anything ranging from kidnapping to violent attacks, or may it be raped or tortured at both mental and physical level, natural calamities, like floods or earthquakes – it may be something even loosing very nearest one all of a sudden. The common feature observed in people suffering from PTSD generally includes an emotional numbness and a frightening thoughts and memories of their suffering and pains.

Though scientists didn’t come any concrete conclusion about the development of disease and individual differences of the occurrence of disease, but it is assumed that the social factors may play one of the important factors here as the study reveals that in Vietnam war victims, those who had a strong social support system, were less likely to be in prey of PTSD.

Though it affects both conscious and unconscious level, individual or group therapy along with some medications may be used in the treatment of PTSD.
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Originally published in Blurtit.com on 24th September, 2006 19:50
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12 Steps Program from AA

The 12 Steps program provided by AA (Alcoholic Anonymous) is basically a practical program intended for accessing spiritual power by managing day-to-day human life and experience. This program is universally accepted as a part of spiritual therapy provided to the addict clients. Here are the steps, as it is in AA program:

1. We admitted we were powerless over alcohol --- that our lives had become unmanageable.

2. Came to believe that a Power greater than ourselves could restore us to sanity.

3. Made a decision to turn our will and our lives over to the care of God as we understood Him.

4. Made a searching and fearless moral inventory of ourselves.

5. Admitted to God, to ourselves, and to another human being the exact nature of our wrongs.

6. Were entirely ready to have God remove all these defects of character.

7. Humbly asked Him to remove our shortcomings.

8. Made a list of all persons we had harmed, and became willing to make amends to them all.

9. Made direct amends to such people wherever possible, except when to do so would injure them or others.

10. Continued to take personal inventory and when we were wrong promptly admitted it.

11. Sought through prayer and meditation to improve our conscious contact with God as we understood Him, praying only for His will for us and the power to carry that our.

12. Having had a Spiritual awakening as the result of these steps, we tried to carry this message to other co-dependents, and to practice these principles in all our affairs.

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Originally published in Blurtit.com on 24th September, 2006 19:38
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Type A and Type B personality

Research suggests the role of personality factors strongly influence in the occurrence of heart disease. According to Friedman and Rosenman (1959), “those individuals who are hard working, aggressive, working under pressure and achievement-oriented were most likely to develop coronary problems; these behaviors are described as coronary-prone behavior pattern and labeled as Type A personality. In contrast, the individuals who are easy going, sociable and relaxed were described as less prone to heart disease and labeled as Type B personality”.

It is the task-related behavior and productivity and success in job that makes the dominion of Type A – Type B personality pattern so interesting to researchers. In general, it is common that the Type A individuals work hard with or without an explicit deadline is set, but Type Bs burn up extra effort only when a deadline is set. Type A individuals are more responsive to positive incentive and complain less about hard work. Usually, Type As see themselves as the cause of negative outcomes, while Type Bs blame the external situation.
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Originally published in Blurtit.com on 24th September, 2006 19:35
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Essential DONT'S to make your retirement financially secure

While you retire, you need to build up a corpus to take care of your routine expenses as well as to face extra costs, especially for health care. It must be around 100% of your salary so that you can maintain your lifestyle without sacrficing any quality indeed.

So experts point 6 DON’T’S in this aspect:

• DO NOT pull all your money in fixeds: Essentially you might understand the situation where the deposited amount doesn’t match the inflation, for example, resulting the eventual loss in money.

• DO NOT lock in all too much money for too long: Fixed-income instruments come with a lock-in period, where money can’t be withdrawn in the middle of the term, whereas you may need that flexibility and liquidity to face your any unexpected events. So think again before you do all your savings.

• DO NOT invest and forget you need to rebalance: As after retirement, you must need money to meet your daily expenses as well as you may need withdrawing every month, which will lessen your corpus in return. So make your plan flexible and monitor on it carefully time to time.

• DO NOT forget to own your own mediclaims: “Your personal health is your personal concern, do not leave it to the company”. Do not leave all the obligations on company itself on thinking that it is entirely their responsibility even if you are informed so. Also do not forget to take care of the issue of dependants.

• DO NOT use your savings as a source of ready cash: what else I could explain! Just don’t do that!

• DO NOT take all your PF and Gratuity as ready money while changing jobs: Ahaa! It’s really wonderful to get a PF-cum-gratuity cheque from your old employer while changing job. Enjoy by giving a treat to near and dear ones! But afterwards, do not forget to take a professional consultation and invest it for the long term.


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Originally published in Blurtit.com on 24th September, 2006 19:34
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Delicious Cajun

Cajun cooking is a very fundamental dish consisting of very common ingredients, such as jambalaya or gumbo. The jambalaya is like the Spanish paella – but more spicy and hot. So here is a Cajun dish, called Shrimp Jambalaya, for you to add in your special menu.

Ingredients: • 2 tbs oil • 3tbs flour • 1 cup tomatoes, chopped • ½ cup ham, diced • 2 cups chicken broth or water • 1 cup rice (soaked for an hour) • 450 gm shrimp, shelled and de-veined • 1 large onion, chopped • 1 small bell pepper, chopped • 2 cloves garlic, chopped • ¼ cayenne pepper • ¼ tsp crushed thyme • Salt to taste

Method: Put 4 cups of water into a pan and add some bony chicken pieces with a few fresh herbs and some garlic and let it simmer. As you have 2 cups of the liquid left in the pot (reduced by half, that is), your stock is ready. Now comes the most interesting part of your cuisine. Heat the oil in a pot. Make a pulp by adding the flour to the oil and stirring constantly. Lower the heat when the pulp is deep brown, add the ham, onion, and bell pepper. Stir occasionally. When the vegetables turn soft, add the garlic, herbs, tomatoes and broth. Bring to a boil and then lower the heat and left it cook for 15minutes. Then increase the heat, add the rice and bring it to a boil. Now reduce the heat, cover the pot and simmer for 15 minutes. Add the shrimp and cook for another 5 minutes. Your dish is ready!

To an extent, Cajun food was introduced to the world by Master Chef Paul Prudhomme, the owner of the K-Paul restaurant of New Orleans.
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Originally published in blurtit.com on 24th September, 2006 19:32
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Monday, September 17, 2007

Google Analytics - Analyse visitors of your site

As I told you earlier, I am very new to the world of blogging, even newer to paid blogging. Still I don't have much idea about free blog promotion (and of course any suggestion regarding free blog promotion will be highly appreciated), blog marketing and any other related stuffs.

Once I tried to register my blog with smorty, one of the most respectable online company offering paid blogging opportunity to bloggers, but unfortunately it is refused by them because of low Google page rank. :( In fact, I have only zero (0) Google PR.

I was very sad and depressed by that time. Eventually, I was trying to put keyword like "Google Analytic". Don't know why, but it came in my mind all of a sudden. And wow! wonderful! It IS there, not in the name of 'Google Analytic', but 'Google Analytics'.

Google Analytics is an wonderful feature that Google offers to all of its users. All you need to have a gmail account. Great! you have it! Then just do not wait, go to Google Analytics page, login using your gmail account ID and password. Put your website name or blog name to register with it.

Now let the fun begin. Once you registered you will get all the detail report about your blog/website, like how many visitors came to your blog / website/ from where they came, how long they stay, what network connection they have used, and many more. Do iy now to see in your eyes.
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You know I just checked my blog again with Google Analytics - and Wow!!! You know what! It's showing that so many visitors have come from different countries like United Kingdom, United States, Australia, Canada and Bangladesh! May be the number of visitors are very very less, but you know I am very excited!!!
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I like it really. Don't you?

If you like it, you are free to share it here at my blog. I would love to read it and share it with the world.

Thanks for stopping by.

Regards,
Sudipa

Saturday, September 15, 2007

Long Live Blogsvertise!!!

Thank you Blogsvertise for giving me my first opprotunity to review a website. Well, being an online writer I reviewed so many things in my professional career, but this is for the first time I did this through my own journal entry in my own personal blog.

Wow! I just loved it!!!

After submitting my journal entry, I was little anxious whether the review will be accepted by the advertiser or not! But, oh my God... it IS accepted and Blogsvertise also paid the amount in my a/c (though I need to wait for 30 days more to make the payout).

Well, the payment is very little, because my blog is not so old. But I fall in love with Blogsvertise, really. Because they kept their promise. They assigned me topic to cover, and also so early following the registration. Great! And secondly and most importantly, they are the one who offer their opportunity in most simplest fashion. Very easy to follow their rules and it can easily be set up by novice blogger like me.

Thank you Blogsvertise.

Keep it up always.

With lotzzz of love,

Sudipa

Friday, September 14, 2007

My second day in Topsia (21st June, 2007)

The following is from my personal diary. It describes my second day experience in Topsia. Topsia is a slum area overpopulated with child labor problem, addiction and HIV-AIDS. Lets read it silently....

At present, I have started working with World Vision as a volunteer. Officially, I will be starting from 2nd July, 2007. However, right now, I am hanging around with my team of co-workers as a mere observer. World Vision is a Christian organization that has been working with exploited and vulnerable children in India over last 50 years.

Topsia is a place where I never visited before. Only yesterday, I went there by car with Biju and spend 10-12 minutes there and came back to the main city office of World Vision. Today, once again I went there and spend more than 2 hours.

I can’t even imagine how a place could be such a dirt and holy smoke! How could it possibly be a place for living life!!! I couldn’t even remove my hankie when initially I was entering into the area – on the other hand, it is the place which is giving birth of a child in almost every 7 days. At my very first vision, I was really scared to see the bridge under which there is a khal(1) and all the wastages from Kolkata pass through it. Besides which, a new life is born once again!

The bridge is made up of several concrete structures with a size of approximately 1.5 ft x 2.5 ft (not too sure about the size as this is not accurately measured, I just make an assumption as I have seen). There are at least 0.75 ft gap within those structures which is enough for an individual to fall down at night. I need to know whether there are any light facilities available there on the bridge. I am not telling or I don’t have any information whether any of the inhabitants there ever fell down, but you know why I am discussing this point, it is because, I believe, there is no possibility to receive service against any emergency situations like ambulance intervention, fire prevention, etc.

Today, I was there in our World Vision DIC(2) in Topsia. I heard that the entire place was burnt few days back and there are ample evidences scattered all around. Initially I heard that I could only visit the office today and meet the staffs. I did visit the office yesterday and meet few staffs. So I wanted to rush into my work. At least I wanted to make it sure that I can’t conduct any introductory session even.

I am little workaholic – I can’t take rest if I know that I have some jobs left in my hand. I know this is always not a better idea to meet, especially when you work in a team. Well, I find it entirely beneficial while I work as an online freelance writer as a self-employed individual. Anyways, so when I went there – after taking my breath (and of course letting Tapashee(3) to take her breath as well), I asked Tapashee to arrange the day and let us have the taste of some potential moments.

So Tapashee informed someone to call girls. The subsequent experience was so unexpected for me, please let me allow going on further. Initially, 4-5 girls dropped in. However in time, a flock of 23 girls reached. I did not have any experience regarding this community setup, but I did not follow any hard-core rule or any formal attitude. Rather, I tried to personalize the session by asking them about themselves, their studies and about their family members.

I remember once my elder brother told me that he received a real warm welcome message and hospitality from people living below poverty line during their visit in Sundarban area at the time he was doing his engineering projects. I heard how warm they were when the students met them. They insisted the students to have lunch with them with plain rice and boiled fish. “It was wonderful!” as my brother put the emphasis on. He also continued, “You know, as they provide us meals for one time, they might not have their foods at least for three days”. I am not stressing the statistical value here, but of course I am talking about the rapport building. What I mean to say, they are always stepping forward to stretch their hand to hold our hands.

I picked up this point. But hey, don’t you think I am somehow categorizing ‘those people’? Yes, I am doing this. And I am feeling really ashamed doing this. But almost all of us are running through the same line – sometimes directly, sometimes indirectly. They are not different from us as a human being – all the factors making them different from us are not their acquired faults – but their vulnerable condition and exploitation are two essential factors driving them to experience life nothing more than hell.

So I practiced following the same line. I initiated my conversation with them very lightly. I asked them their experience regarding the previous sessions (as I heard that World Vision conducted various classes and sessions throughout 3 and half months, then it stopped). They were very happy with their previous experiences and also seemed little disappointed for apparent termination. I assured them that again the classes will be resumed. I conversed with them in a friendly manner, like whether any one like to help me how to make beni(4), for example. Some of them also insisted me to wear jeans in subsequent meetings and some of them also told about sarees, and the funniest part is that they also assured me if somehow I can’t manage the saree by myself, they will again help me to re-wear it. Somehow, I feel they found me understanding their pulse. They are enough intelligent who understand the difference between sympathy and empathy.

They found fun, I guess, and almost all of them were ready to become my beni teacher. Then some of the girls become freer, they told me that they learned about remembering names, they learned about the changes during adolescence phase. However, they did not want to speak about it. They found it little uncomfortable as one quoted, “didi jano ki sob kotha, bhishon lajja kore bolte” (Sister, you know I feel very ashamed and uncomfortable discussing those things). This proves at least they sense the fundamental topic.

As the discussion continued, I asked them about their family members. Most of them have 7-8 members in their family. I don’t have the statistical inferences regarding the situation, such as distribution, etc. but the situation is really worse, as few of them even reported to be belonged to single parent and almost all the mothers are working in leather factory. Lots of siblings and occurrence of multiple marriages are quite prevalent. The majority of the population in the area is Mohammedan. I introduced them with my husband in a very informal fashion, calling him ‘bor’. Some of them also spelled out ‘husband’ instantly. My husband is presently engaged with IDU(5) projects under the same banner. It seemed that they liked the way the introductory session ran.

As I told them that now I need to finish off, their faces became dull. I also felt like staying with them, but today I have to attend a ceremony called Jamai Shosthi(6), which is particularly a Bengali ceremony where son-in-law is specially honored by their mother-in-law. It comes once in a year and this is for the first time we (me and my husband) are attending this ceremony. We got married only 7 months before. So when I told them that I am leaving, they insisted me very politely. Then they repeatedly asked me regarding my next visit, when I will again come, how long I will stay and all. It seems that they are much interested to build their rapport with me. I don’t know whether my education played a kicking role here or not, because, as per their report says, they also liked Anindita’s visit there who is attached to World Vision as a counselor. I think somehow the study of psychology helps to understand an individual better. But of course, not sympathy but empathy plays the lead role here.

I went back from there with my husband by holding his hand. I was feeling really weak. It was only his hand which gave me strength to move ahead. My chest was full with pain. I don’t exactly know the source of my pain. I asked myself. Is it because people are staying in such a dirty place without any urbanized facilities which is no lesser than hell? Or is it because a girl with lots of dreams in her eyes waiting for to resume of her studies? Or is it just because of their smile and their innocence instead of their condition touched me so profoundly? I don’t know the answer. The only thing I could feel till I came back to my home that I could be able to make a call to Biju, my boss, thanking (or may be acknowledging) him for presenting me such a day and helping me to experience ‘life’. And the next thing, I could only do is to write this essay.

Last but not the least, I tried to sense the implication of every single moment I experienced during my visit over there, even the come back. I am particularly stressing the come back while I am finishing my essay. When I was coming back, I didn’t even know why I took such a tight hold to my husband’s hand. I didn’t even think of it as it was so unconscious and very naturally driven as I usually hold my husband’s hand while I walk on the road. But this was something else. I needed his hand to support me. Otherwise I felt like not being able to move even. This gave me the feelings that we should stretch our hands to them so that they can move. But believe me; they are not so weak like me. They are much stronger even we can really assume. What they need is only our support, our empathy and what we need is to shape our perspective where we can really consider and respect them as a human being. Let’s hold hand together.


1. Khal: Bengali word implying canal
2. Drop in centre
3. Tapashee: My co-volunteer
4. Beni: A particular hair style, Bengali term
5. Injecting Drug Users
6. A Bengali ceremony

Faith Foundation Group

Faith Foundation is blessed with various nice people who are deeply attached with this organization. They are:

Tony Gill, Social Worker

Dr S. D. Roy, M.B.B.S (50070-WB)

Dr. Sudeshna Das Purokayastha, M.B.B.S, D.P.M, M.I.P.S (16720-AMC)

Friends of Faith Foundation:

Mahesh Nathan, Social Worker

Biju Abraham, World Vision

Simon, SCIR



Monday, September 10, 2007

Easy and Cool Resource Options

The Resource Center provides you the platform where you may obtain various useful tips related to business, education, health, technology as well as living. The recent additions in this website are wiki in the business world, teach your child to set and reach goals, college budgeting 101, and grammar tips for business professionals.

Layout of the home page:

I personally do not like the layout of the page. Well, the combination of light green and blue with white base fit well, but the problem lies in using the dissimilar font sizes(12, 10) and font faces (Tahoma, Trebuchet). It doesn't look good from a professional point of view. I do not really understand why the designer has chosen so dissimilar fonts to facilitate into same page layout. Also, if the layout designer choose different icons for representing menu items, relevant with the item itself, it will look better and unique. The mouse over texts on menubutton link are quite helpful but do not meet the aesthetic value.

Content:

The overall information level is well up to the mark, especially the articles E-Commerce Developments Over The Last Decade and Wiki in The Business World. Both of them are thoughtfully illustrated and contemporary to century values. Quite informative also.

However, the parenting tips for helping out child, I find little rigid in nature. Being a psychologist, I am afraid whether it will hamper in the development of divergent thinking pattern in a child. Of course, if the suggested methodologies are applied in logical fashion, it will definitely be of help for guiding a child.

Overall Impression:

Even with all these limitations, I find the site looks simple and quite straight to the point. It has what it claims for. I will give it 7 in a 10 point scale.

Sunday, September 9, 2007

About Faith Foundation

Faith Foundation is a non-profit and non-government organization. It is located in Kolkata, India. Below, you will get the detailed information to reach at this place.

Faith Foundation aims at providing its genuine nobel service to those unfortunate individuals of the society who are suffering from the problem of addiction. In its original essence, Faith Foundation and every member attacher to this organization is working hard every moment to make this place a worthy place for treatment.

The current success rate is more than 10%, which is quite high compared to the relapse rate (99.99%) in Kolkata and India. At, Faith Foundation, everyone is a true believer of honesty, integrity, co-operation, discipline and dedication. These are the mantras to grow in time.

Faith Foundation is still in its infancy, and to be very honest, it wants to maintain their childish innocence. The main thing that must strike your mind as you reach here is the sense of freedom in everyone's face. Unlike any other exitsting organization, especially in local base, the clients here are not forced to obey, rather they are aligned to obedience.

"This is not my organization, this is yours and yours and yours too", said by Tony da many of the time while interacting with clients there. He pays the value, he deals the client with respect and dignity, he provides utmost flexibility to the clients. Above all, there is no such lock-n-key. So it's a very rare occassion when some clients really need to escape. In fact, they are free to leave whenever they wish so. But it is also rare that a client wishes to leave before time comes in Faith Foundation.

I personally wonder how this man is doing so many things in his centre while he is not getting enough funds for it even. "May be God is doing it", answered by Tony da while I expressed my confusion to him. Yes, this is true and he never claims that he is doing anything from his own pocket, but if you visit this place, you will also be surprised to see how an ideal centre runs so smoothly.

Interested for a visit? Note down the following address:

Email: faith [dot] foundation [at] yahoo [dot] com

Website: coming soon

Phone: +91-33-32942277

Mobile: 9830315575 (Tony Gill), 9883049860 (Saikat)

Address: coming soon

Thanks for visiting my blog.

Cheers and Enjoy life fully!

Sudipa

The Birth of Faith Foundation

Ok, so today we are going to know about Faith Foundation. It is headed by Mr. Tejender Paul Singh Gill (famously known as Tony da), the Honorary Secretary and the heart of the organization.

I could remember those days when I had just come back after such a bad experience in Genesis Foundation and I was trying to recover myself from those bitter moments that I experienced there, Tony da used to come at my place and we shared so many thoughts about an ideal rehabilitation centre.

Actually, I met Tony da in Genesis Foundation, but I was reintroduced to him in my first workshop. That time, there was no Faith Foundation. That time was a fun time really, sometimes we both tried to verify each other's authentication, again sometimes we shared so many passions related to an ideal detoxification-cum-rehabilitation centre.

I didn't have any job that time in my hand and I was absolutely penniless. By that time, I was also suffering quite a lot due to my personal relationship. I had nothing to hold for a support. The only thing I had was my dream and the only strength I had was to keep my dreams alive.

Time took its shape gradually. Tony da opened Faith Foundation. I joined there as a counselor. But, from the very beginning, I decided one thing that I will be never attached to Faith Foundation in monetary terms. This is the place where I am seeing my dreams to grow each and every moment, how can I charge for my dreams to grow? Honestly, when I didn't have any single penny, I keep walking to some distance, but I never took a single rupee from Faith Foundation.

May be, it was also loved by God. So he awarded me with two beautigul relationships. One is of course my husband, Saikat, whom I met in Tony da's centre, the second one is my virtual relation to online job world. Both of these two relationships I found really worthy for me. Thank you God.

Keep coming.

Best regards,

Sudipa

Saturday, September 8, 2007

~Why this blog?~

Honestly, the actual reason behind developing this blog was to make my virtual portfolio, but now I am quite unsure about what I am going to do with this blog. May be, too many things in a single blog!!! Ok, lets see!

It is mainly because I would like to portray all about me in this blog and also every single thing related to me....so this place is very important for me. Right now, I can only list up whatever comes in my mind about this blog's future, nothing else. Following this pattern, I can say, this blog will portray all my potentialities and talents, my desires, my feelings, my pains, my works, my passions, my love, my surroundings and many more about 'me'.

Gradually, I will be starting many interactive features in this blog, so that, the readers will be able to put their valuable comment in my blog. Also, the interactive feature of this blog will allow its readers to interact with the interactive components available in this blog.

I will be using this blog to make friends all around the world. Basically, I would like to use this virtual place as a worthy platform over time where people can meet others. I hope to make this blog such a nice platform that it will be loved by tonz of people around the world.

Frankly speaking, I wish to use this blog also to generate revenue in some way or others. But, keeping all my respects to everyone attached to online business, I must say that I am waiting for some innovative and creative ideas for generating revenues from my blog, not through any conventional mode of earning. I don't know how, but I sincrely believe that I must be able to do it one day. Please keep praying for me.

Thanks for visiting my blog.

Keep coming everyday.

Cheers!

Sudipa

~How do I earn money?~

Honestly, I am a struggler who wants Internet to click for her, like it did to millions around the world. My expectation is not so high right now, well, if I earn $450-$500 USD per month, I will be happy, at least for now.

Since, last November, 2006, I have started my online career as a freelance writer. I did academic as well as non-academic writings. Apart from that, I joined kasamba as one of their expert. I also joined werlive.com as one of their expert as well, however, not continued any longer.

I earned quite a good amount as an academic writer. I was working under an individual who is actually registered as a writer in different sites and he used to outsource me the works. I didn't consider the online career that time too seriously, though I worked harder. But as I was not so serious, my aspiration level to find out or to apply in newer sector was not so satisfactory even. That time, I also got offer from blurtit.com where I used to work as a paid writer. But as blurtit grows, they close the paid writer position in the organization.

Now, I am working as a SEO writer under an individual. The payment is not so good though. Meanwhile, I got offer from an academic writing website. Lets see what is there in my future.

~Lets talk about my world of passions~

mmmmmmmm............... while talking about my passion, I really become wordless sometimes, because there are too many and it greatly changes over time....

I am most passionate about my living style. Oh yea, this is what I enjoy the most. I am basically a very introvert person by nature. I enjoy my aloneness (but hate and scared to feel lonely) most of the time in a day. I love to spend times with my thoughts. Yes, I am very passionate about my thoughts.

Likewise every other creative beings around the universe, I am also blessed by divergent thinking pattern. However, sometimes I also believe that this 'divergent thinking pattern' is also somehow responsible for causing so many problems in my life. Yes, I am right. This is true to some extent.

If I was not so divergent in my thinking pattern, it may allow me to concentrate in one or two aspects in my life, whereas, being so much divergent in nature, it leads me to get involved in so many things in life, but never be consistent on any of them, truly.

Well, I am not saying that this is common for every creatives, in fact, most of the cases, the opposite is true. But I do belong to that unfortunate category, who messed up badly because of their divergence.

But divergence also allows me to taste so many things in this beautiful world. It allows me to get involved into so many professions which are truly individualised in nature compared to the other. Honestly, in each of the fields I excel from a beginner to the advanced level worker.

So I started with my passion. It is ofcourse to do something aligned with my dreams. So, what are my dreams??? Oh my Lord!! There are so many...;let me list them up for you...hope you don't mind -

1. To earn tonz of money (wanna b a multibillionaire one day, may be within few years :D)
2. To support Tony da in Faith Foundation
3. To set up my own social service organization for aged
4. To set up my own boutique business
5. To set up various LSE measures for people under marginalised level
6. There are too many, may be I am little over-crowded with so many thoughts of mine, so I will keep posting about it in time

Well, as you can guess, the bottom-line is ofcourse earning money. Only if I could be able to earn money, it will help me to fulfill my passions and my dreams in near future. But, the question is how to earn money? Or rather I can say, how do I earn money? hmmm..... well, let's scroll to the next post. Cheers!

Friday, September 7, 2007

~My Introduction to Virtual World~

Well, now the time has come when I can discuss something personal. But, before I start, I must tell you the style of writing here will be very informal in nature, which you may find truly different from those documentations uploader so far.

Ok, so lets me start simply. I am Sudipa, full name is Sudipa Sarkar. I got married 9 months back (29th December, 2006) with the most beautiful person under the sky. I love you sona, I love you dearly.

There were lots of attempts so far that I did while trying to establish a solid virtual portfolio for me, but nothing clicked as such. The primary reason is of course my insufficient willingness, lack of dedication, but also a tight schedule contributes a lot negatively.

Since last November, 2006, I started my writing career officially. It was indeed a wonderful moment in my life. I was gradually coming out from a rotten life and relationship where I had lost almost every connection with myself and my surroundings. Meanwhile, I introduced with the most desired human of this beautiful world, that is, my husband, and also I got offer from two individuals from this virtual world. One offered me to write about anything I want to frame. She was from UK. The another one is from USA, he wanted me to write academic articles. He is actually registered as a writer into different sites which provide support students in their academic papers and I am working under him.

Honestly, the writing career is something for me to get hope and strength that were extremely needed especially in that time. It is true that English was never my major or studying literature was not at all my preference in any span of my life (expect few exceptions), but I love Physics followed by Psychology, which is my major in Masters Degree course and expected to be the major influencer in rest of my life. I love writing articles, specially academic ones, that focus on psychology and different psychological aspects along with interdisciplinary fields like philosophy, biology, physiology, sociology, education and many others.

It is not like that I am onto academic sector only, but I have also written several pieces based on keyword based writing or SEO writing. And truly, I enjoy both types of writing.

So, the journey is still continuing and my struggle for existence is still there. I am trying hard to get my platform as an established writer in this virtual world. But sometimes, I feel really frustrated as I do not have any good guide around me; though I am very optimistic and I have a very strong positive outlook towards life, so I am quite sure something must come up on my way very soon.

Thanks for visiting my blog.

With warm regards,

Sudipa

Wednesday, September 5, 2007

Systematic Desensitization

By Sudipa Sarkar
Introduction

Systematic desensitization refers to the therapeutic procedure through which the learned link between anxiety and corresponding fear-producing objects or situations can be reduced by means of employing relaxation technique in a sequence of increasing fear-arousing steps. Systematic desensitization, as in contrast with flooding, can be performed in different fragmented but interlinked forms, leading to bring alteration in behavioral process, through the application of counter-conditioning – responsible for reducing the strength of a conditional response (anxiety) in substitution with an incompatible response (relaxation) over the conditional stimulus (fear-provoking objects or situations). This paper aims at designing and describing a systematic desensitization program for an individual (Pat) suffering from social phobia.
Systematic Desensitization

Systematic desensitization is used to help clients to cope with phobic experience by inducing the method of relaxation technique. During the phases of progressive relaxation, the client should be concentrating on the differences between the primary anxiety and consequent feeling of relaxation and comforting that develops throughout the progression of the treatment procedure along with the realization of muscle release (APA, 2000). As gradual understanding of muscle release at the time of deep relaxation, the client may repeat the practice enabling the individual to recreate the relaxed experience in a wide array of situations intentionally (Stewart and Berkowitz, 1999). As soon as the relaxation technique is learned, the aim of the therapist is to create an ‘anxiety hierarchy’, cataloging the fear-provoking stimuli from least to most distressing, along with the cooperation of the client in question.
Assumed Anxiety-Hierarchy of Situation

As given the case study of the client Pat in question, the ‘anxiety hierarchy’ can be introduced as soon as the relaxation skills being learned by Pat. The hierarchy refers to cataloging situations that include fear-triggering stimuli arranged in order from the least to most emotionally distressing. The hierarchy may include the followings –
Feeling embarrassed among fellow students
Feeling anxious while speaking in front of class
Feeling as being the center of other’s attention, especially in a group setting.
Feeling reluctant about participating in non-verbal classroom activities
Active avoidance from classroom setting
Treatment Approach through Systematic Desensitization Procedure
The treatment procedure – Systematic Desensitization – is, in particular, a psycho-cognitive procedure, which views children not being stubborn or incompatible rather having an acquired anxiety instead of an oppositional or defiant disorder. As a therapist, I prefer to suggest taking the child away in a secure, confidential as well as contented atmosphere in order to initiate the therapeutic intervention. While making Pat comfortable regarding the therapeutic session, the session may begin with the analysis of whether the condition for communicating in school is actually or not a frightening factor from the child’s perspective.

Next the session may be continued with an empathetic outlook and with my attempt in determining the setting and situation perceived as most difficult and easier by Pat. For example, Pat may be found to communicate in a setting where he is alone with the teacher in the hall and no other fellow students are around him. With this understanding, I should focus on slowly increasing my expectations by inducing more complex condition and making Pat realize his goal to pursue over the condition, for example, making him to resemble safe situation within the hall, closer to the classroom door. The process may move further by encouraging Pat in non-verbal classroom activities through whispering in teacher’s ear or in one particular classmate of his preference who may act sensibly as an active and understanding listener. Counter-conditioning relaxation technique (Taylor and Arnow, 1988) thus enables Pat to resolve successfully his fear-provoking stimulus in order as listed in the anxiety hierarchy.
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The status of all of these articles is sold. I am here submitting these articles in order to build my virtual portfolio. That means, it is here used for sample purpose only. The bibliography section is intentionally not provided with any of these academic articles. Please do not use any portion of these articles for any purpose. Thanks for your kind co-operation.
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Race Psychology

By Sudipa Sarkar
Abstract

Historically individuals of mixed heritage have been subject-positioned through contradictory narratives and discourse. Given that the mixed heritage ethnic group is the fastest growing ethnic group in the UK. The primary objective of this paper is to offer an insight on the implication of the ethnicity, race psychology and cultural influence on the individual and on wider society in general. To accomplish this goal, the author analyses the components for mixed race relationship in terms of multiracial experience and development of racial identity.
Race Psychology
Race has no consensual contribution in the field of psychology, however, it has been recurrently used in psychological theory, research and practices considering of great significance (Yee, Fairchild, Weizmann & Wyatt, 1993; Zuberi, 2001). Several studies suggested race as biological components of individuals as imitated in their physical look (Rowe, 2002). Some studies concluded race as a pseudonym for indigent milieu (Eisenman, 1995), some others also described race as a social construction maintaining a socio-political hierarchy (Helms, 1994). Race, as a phenomenological component, has no precise definition as such, however, several psychologists have been questioned of considering race as a component of psychological construct in terms of theory, research and practice (Phinney, 1996; Yee et al., 1993). A resolution opposing the exercise race for explaining human behaviour had been passed by the Council of Representatives of the American Psychological Association (Yee, 1983). In the due course of time, this resolution, as described in the “Guidelines on Multicultural Education, Training, Research, Practice, and Organizational Change for Psychologists” (American Psychological Association, 2003), has become mandatory as the society’s unrelenting reification of folk definitions of the phenomenon associated in defining race in stead of significant substantive recommendation in opposing the theoretical framework as provided by non-psychological professional as well as scientific institutions.

In psychology, there is no shared conceptual framework defining the usability of factitious racial category which is autonomous in identifying their theories and research designs to express the intangible implication of race the researcher proposes. Additionally, it authorizes the psychological framework in order to function as an objective phenomenon albeit it has granted a theoretically futile idea which is particularly central to the theory, research and practice (Fairchild, 1991; Zuberi, 2001).
Statistical Data Defining the Ethnicity and Identity in UK
According to the statistical data, at present the UK’s ethnic standards are characterized as follows:
English 83.6%,
Scottish 8.6%,
Welsh 4.9%;
Northern Irish 2.9%,
black 2%, Indian
1.8%, Pakistani
1.3%,
mixed 1.2%, and
other 1.6% (2001)
As the National Statistics suggests, the majority of the UK population in 2001 were White (92%). The rest of 4.6million (or 7.9%) people fitted in to other ethnic groups. Indians were considered to be the largest of these groups, next larger group was Pakistani and the rest belonged to mixed ethnic backgrounds, Black Caribbean, Black Africans and Bangladeshis. Each of the rest of the minority ethnic groups reported for less than 0.5% among the UK population and together reported for a further 1.4%. The non-white population of UK were Asians characterised with Indians, Pakistanis, Bangladeshis and other Asian Region. The rest of the population comprised of Black Caribbean, Black African or other Black. The rest of 15% belonged to the mixed ethnic group. The White and Black Caribbean comprised of the one-third of the group. The Irish people in Britain counted for 691,000 which in practice considered as 1% of the entire Great Britain population. During the phase 1991 – 2001, the people comprising of the ethnic group had been increased by 53%, from 3.0 million in 1991 to 4.6 million in 2001.
The census 1997 – 2001 suggests that the Britain’s increasing number of inter-ethnic relationship is in particular an explosion in the mixed race population. As of 19th UK census, conducted on 29 April 2001, 2 percent of entire UK marriages are inter-racial. There is a much less prevalence of non-white population that is around 9% of the whole population; which is not a significant variable compared to the white population, whereas if it is compared to the ethnic class in general, the ratio of Caribbean and Chinese, for example, involve as much as 20% and 17% respectively to form the marital relation as well as cohabitation relation getting with white partner (Modood et al., 1997). In practice, interethnic or interracial marriage is very significant in understanding societal structure and inter-group relational factors, acting concurrently as both an essential cause and a sign of social and cultural integration (Blau et al., 1982; Pagnini & Morgan, 1990). The common interface incorporating the mutual relation across group boundaries is actually revealed by interracial marriage, leading to an intricate understanding of unique social group formation. However, the procedure of assimilation of immigrants into the framework of mainstream society remains inadequate if the racial boundary forms an obstacle while selecting mates in question (Gordon, 1964). Statistical data suggests that 18% of the UK black African males, 29% UK black Caribbean males and 48% other black British males are actually having a wife from other racial group, implying that Black British males are more like getting into inter-ethnic relationship compared to African American males. In addition to this statistics, it has been found that Black British men were about 50% more likely to get involved into inter-ethnic marriage compared to the Black British women, but British Chinese females were twice more likely to get involved into inter-racial marriage compared to the British Chinese males. Apart from that, south Asian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi men were twice more likely to become involved into inter-racial relationship and marriage compared to females of the corresponding races. On the other hand, in case of Indians there is no significant gender difference regarding preference on inter-ethnic marriage.
There are various studies conducted to find out the quantitative analysis of interethnic relationship in terms of numbers and trends, however, only a few are effective in understanding the underlying factors contributing to form an interethnic relationship (Berrington, 1996). According to Merton (1941) marriages do not occur arbitrarily rather few facilitating factors such as the equal consideration of homogamy and endogamy present as a common factor in both of the partners. There are different theoretical perspectives that actually attribute to the understanding these factors. One of such theories, known as straight line assimilation theory, stated the rate of interracial marriage is higher in those individuals staying in the host country for longer period (Model & Fisher, 2001). According to Hwang and Murdock (1991) demonstrated that interethnic community pattern may be responsible for disparate degrees of marital assimilation within each group.
As per statistics as well as various studies suggest that the increasing rate of mixed racial community actually blurring the original racial identity which is quite prevalent among black Caribbean individuals in UK. These, in addition, refer that around 40% of children in UK of one black parent have a white parent. However, the data is inadequate in its exact implication as the statistical data only considers the children who are living with both of the parents whereas there are several numbers of Caribbean females who do not live with their partners, leading to incomplete information in particular. Hence, it can be concluded that a majority of children in UK belonging to mixed-racial group actually comprise the significant portion of the entire population
Ethnicity and Racial Culture in UK
Ethnicity is considered as an essential component of the social structuring, personal identification, transactional networks and political divergence around the world. It has been observed as an evidently identified challenge towards active social hierarchies and themes of citizenship by the virtue of initiating a new tribalism which eventually threats the democratic framework as well as economic advancement in particular. The study of ethnicity has an important significance to the analysis of existing societal structure and political viewpoint, as well as establishing a new vista for understanding social justice as well as social organization. Racial categories are in particular vaguely delineated qualitatively, whereas it can be quantified at ease by attributing more significance on them than is actually valued (Pedhazur and Schmelkin, 1991). One of the leading growth factor contributing in ethnic populations among many western societies put in to the consideration of individuals of mixed ancestry. However, while considering the aspect of multicultural context or ‘mixed race’ communities, the primary concern includes individuals of black & white background, whereas it should be rectified in terms of broader perspective of mixed race (Parker & Song, 2001). Researchers suggest that the individuals of mixed heritage are revealing the arbitrary and contradictory notion of classification emphasizing racial divisions. In that case, the radicalized identification fall outside the regime of the defined spectra by considering the histories and experiences illuminating the complexities of the development of identity within the framework of contemporary multicultural context (Parker & Song, 2001). According to BBC news as reported by Cindy John, the UK has been considered as one of the fastest increasing mixed-race populations among the entire world, featured by the sustainable increase of inter-ethnic relationship. The recent studies show that all individuals characterizing different ethnic backgrounds in UK actually are coming towards each other by promoting an inter-ethnic relationship between each other; however, there have been plenty of incidences that in practice attribute to the racially-fuelled criminal events whatsoever. There are number of well-known personalities combining the celebrities like singers, comedians, writers, newsreaders and actors actually been a common face in getting engaged with inter-ethnic relationships. Some of the famous names may include Lenny Henry, Dawn French, Michael Caine, Trevor McDonald, Sade, Salman Rushdie to name a few. On the other hand, Shirley Bassey (singer) and Hanif Kureshi (writer and activist) are attributed as the high-profile instances of mixed-race relationship. An increase in the recognition of ‘mixed parentage’ in Britain has been in part resulted due to an increase in the number of individuals in ‘mixed relationships’ and individuals of ‘mixed parentage’. The demographic amendment of ‘mixed parentage’ have also provided in expanding racial studies in terms of autobiographical and general analysis in ‘mixed parentage’ and ‘mixed relationships’ through the perspective of self and others (Alibhai-Brown & Montague, 1992; Katz, 1996; McBride, 1998; Twine, 1999). Recent studies also suggest that the rate of inter-ethnic relationship is actually increasing in recent decades as 20% of the Asian men and 10% of the Asian women are in practice plumping for getting into an inter-racial relationship. Professor Richard Berthoud from the Department for Social and Economic Research at Essex University explains that there is an embedded postulation in British society that the marriage can occur among individuals of same colour (Berthoud, 2005), however, there are Blacks who consider themselves as belonging to English culture and quite evidently they do not find any inconsistency for not selecting a White for getting involved into interpersonal relationship, leading to form an inter-ethnic relationship altogether. According to the census 2001, the Britain is considered to the highest rates in inter-ethnic relationship as well as mixed-race individuals considering the world perspective. In Britain, neither any legal definition has been found for identifying Black individuals nor had any legal restriction been employed on mixed marriages (Tizard & Phoenix, 1993). However, the current social trends feature interracial marriages, but it makes up 1 percent of all marriages in Britain (Berrington, 1996).
Interracial families are considered to be an essential component of the dynamics of interracial relationships in Britain for several years in the history of colonialism which was characterized by British males’ relationship with Black females outside the country (Benson, 1981). The families are the models of racial harmony in terms of dominant intervention of minority groups in the cultural context (Banks, 1992). As per analysis of past data for inter-ethnic relationship suggesting that the male led the pathway for facilitating inter-racial relationship, however, the present context defines the deviated condition as the situation is changing quickly, among highly educated females in particular (Alibhai-Brown, 2001). Studies suggested that higher education in practice liquefy the identification with the origin group (Kalmijin, 1991) by demonstrating the greater prevalence of interracial marriage among highly educated individuals rather than less educated individuals (Lieberson & Waters, 1988; Hwang et al., 1995; Kalmijin, 1993). In addition to that, Alibhain-Brown (2001) describes the condition by putting a special emphasize on class culture in the case of Black Caribbean delineating the fact of extraordinary discrimination among men letting them unable to progress much through the system. In case of Asian females, the feminist attitude towards the societal framework essentially contributes to the formation of inter-racial relationship, especially putting a biased belief system by over-emphasizing on the dynamic changes in Asian males from egalitarian attitude before marriage to sexist attitude after marriage (Alibhai-Brown, 2001).
The 2001 census is particularly significant in studying racial identity as since this time ‘mixed’ category in practice got included into the other racial groups for consideration. However, researchers also agreed that the recognition of considering the mixed race individuals in statistical review do not actually contribute much for study and research till date. However, the racism problem is a critical condition for consideration in recent decades in UK as Alibhai-Brown in her book ‘Mixed Feelings’ suggests that the children of one white and one black parents may in some cases become victims of racism. Another difficulty is associated with social pressure which is primarily characteristics of mixed parents getting down in the social order as well as on single mothers having mixed ethnic children. Several studies have been conducted in order to analyse the experience of children of mixed parentage, leading to the findings of fear and anxiety even within a supposedly tolerant culture (Coombs, 2000) with an apparent cause contributing to the experience may include the consequence of cultural discourse. By the virtue of the application of mechanics of racism in terms of constructing the definition of race, oppression strangles multiracial individuals from all sides of action (Root, 1996).
The oppression derived from the deep-psychological level causes insecurities, as the oppression is manifested towards a particular group of individuals; the mechanics are in particular homogeneous regardless of its pattern (Root, 1996). In case of mixed parentage, the parents primarily suggest their interracial children to take one of the three view points concerning their identity phenomenon –
Becoming human above all else, considering no significance of racial identity as such
Adopting the identity of the parent of colour and his or her culture (Ladner, 1984)
Adopting both of the parents cultural values, ethnicity, genetic heritage (Baptiste & Cambell, 1985)
The issue considering the identification of children of mixed heritage is intrinsically crucial as the racial identification contributes significantly to the development of personality in general. Some researchers suggest that the children of mixed heritage should be identified with the identity of the parent of colour as this is the case which has been observed through historical time frame that the society is much inclined for. However, others have argued that the children should be known with their true background. The issue of race and racism have been taken into consideration in the area of child care policy as well as practice, particularly in the cases of fostering and adoption which have been significantly changed with the changing dynamism of political and societal climate (Gill & Jackson, 1983). In the due course of time, the widely accepted in reference to racism has been turned into a general accepted philosophy of equal treatment for everyone and the services ought to be provided by adopting a ‘colour-blind’ phenomenon. During 1960s, a large portion of black children remained for institutional care, however, the white counterparts found their home at ease. Since after 1960, the blacks and mixed parentage individuals are developing more positive identities (Tizard & Phoenix, 1993). The increasing numbers of individuals of mixed-parentage seem likely to opt for a dual identity (Tizard & Phoenix, 1993). The researchers primarily focus on two sets of conceptual changes accounted for rapid societal changes. These two sets of changes are the point of intersection incorporating increasing interest in ‘mixed parentage’ and new perspective of consideration (Hall, 1996). The biased perspective of 60s has been changed in recent decades quite significantly with an intervening measurement taken from the British Adoption Project (BAP) which took a great footstep in placing the black children in white families. This is particularly a crucial milestone in promotion ‘equality among all’ which will certainly improve the understanding on both of the sides by demonstrating the notion of wider society constituting of different races living together (Gill & Jackson, 1983). However not all researchers agree with this conclusion of wider society rather they have argued against trans-racial adoption (Small, 1986) in general by putting special emphasis on intrinsically critical two factors –
Political Issues – The political issues combine the idea that white families actually get enriched itself by the expenses covered by the black community through the process of adopting a black child (Pinkney, 2000)
Psychological Issues – Psychological issues primarily concern with the idea of feeling of separateness experienced by black children within white community. A sense of separateness eventually leads to make the individual isolated and withdrawn from the relationships all around. In addition to this complication, in some cases, the black children grow up with confused racial identity and of low self-esteem (McAll, 1992).
However, both of the research areas concerning the trans-racial adoption are highly significant by considering ethnocentric assumptions. This is an area of focus in interracial families especially where mother is a white. It is seen that most of the young families undergo through stress, however, in case of young interracial families contribute to experience additional stress, anxiety and tension due to deal with negative racial comments and downright harassment from other individuals in addition to loss of emotional and societal support from disapproving family members. The social-philosopher and author Naomi Zack argues that race in particular has a serious significance in society by putting a special emphasis on considering the difficulties associated with social and historical problems in relation to racial identity (Zack, 1993). She particularly explores the existential problems of the identification of mixed race culture by putting a special emphasize on how the bi-racial system actually heightens the chance for alienation towards mixed-race community framework. On analysing the possibility of mixed-race identity, she argues about the implication the colour specification (black and white) in particular as she found this designation of colour in essence can be considered as racist phenomenon as it has no as such scientific base (Zack, 1993).

However, Coombs (2000) in particular stresses on the significance of considering the implication of race in the light of genetic structuring by asserting the criterion of hybridism as a matter of debatable argument on the basis of miscegenation and racial transparency by considering the scientific analysis of genetics and race through the course of cultural rendition along with the ideologies of nation, community and belongings in particular. In the perspectives of two opposing factors attributing to the transparency of racial phenomenon and miscegenation, the roots of racial prejudice can be explained in terms of cultural imagination. However, the acceptance has become prevalent in due course of time, whereas resentment has become hardened as well in the framework of antagonism which in practice comes from both white and non-white individuals (Alibhai-Brown, 2001). The involvement of the issues like sex and gender makes the situation more complicated, as each of the issues need to be considered individually and pragmatically. The formation of interracial relationship may occur due to the presence of various community attributes such as group size, gender distribution as well as availability of potential partner within the group or outside of the group structure in addition to the social and spatial proximity among the minority and majority groups (Hwang et al., 1997). Religious affiliation also puts a great influence on an individual in terms of his or her decision making styles regarding an endogamous and exogamous marriage (Meng & Gregory, 2002). The issues attributing the aspect of miscegenation influences the individuals involved into mixed race relationships, especially those individuals belonging to that particular community. This eventually lead to a persistent conflict regarding the identity formation that have a particular impact on individual recognition, for example, some individuals identify themselves as Black, some as Asian, some as White and some as Mixed, however, having inadequate general acceptance of a predefined set of self-identity in the perspective of race. According to several researchers, human beings are categorised into distinctive biological groups in terms of their skin complexion, however, considering the case of hybridism, - some individuals have darker or more pallid complexion compared to African Caribbean or Asian individuals. These researches have been essentially criticized for its biased perspective of considering white race is the superior while black race is inferior and the other races come in between of the continuum (Tizard & Phoenix, 1993). Various studies suggest that the ‘termination of race’ is a legitimate theme in scientific discussion, exercise and function (Katz, 1995). This evidently has raised the question arguing the persistent significant application of the biology in understanding race (Burchard et al, 2003; Risch, Burchard, Ziv & Tang, 2002). Some researchers argued that the concept of race is not a biologically real phenomenon, thus it should not have any proper implication in research area of medicinal field (Chaturvedi, 2001; Schwartz, 2001). Genetic researchers conducted genetic mapping throughout the world with the findings incorporate that trends in skin complexion does not stem from the variation in genetic structuring. Studies suggest around 85% of genetic variation has been developed by means of interaction among individuals of same colour within a given territory. The rest 5-10% variation is due to the interaction between individuals in different countries. The genetic variation is found to be homogeneous, as Steve Johns (1991) mentions, hence biologically we all are multiracial in practice. The ideology that we all have multiracial identities has had a significant impact on individual and societal perspectives while focusing on the definition of ‘race’ or ‘racial identity’. Several studies have argued that the consideration of black or white people separately as opposites or of racism as an individual course of development (Rattansi & Phoenix, 1988). Rather, they considered racial phenomenon as a plural component in terms of the implication of ‘race’ and its dynamic changes over time. Hence, race or the concept of racism belongs to the dynamic social processes, found to be variable in distinct societal contexts in the presence of different groups of individuals (Brah, 1996). This eventually led in considering the term ‘racialisation’, initially coined by Frantz Fanon (1967) in order to describe the condition of individuals who had been colonised (Banton, 1977; Miles, 1989; Omni & Winant, 1986). Racialisation can be defined as a phenomenon describing the implication of racial meaning not to be classified under nature and be considered as a dynamic component of social construction and social process. Thus, it can be concluded that individuals are ‘racialised’ rather than constituting with biological race (Tizard & Phoenix, 1993). However, there are several studies conducted in the support of ‘genetic version of racial profiling’ (Evett, Gill, Scrange, & Wier, 1996; Evett et al., 1997; Lowe, Urquhart, Foreman, & Evett, 2001).
Summary and Conclusion

Interethnic relationship put a significant reflection contributing to the various factors in social relationships. The incorporation of immigrants into the host society is highly influenced by whether the individual resides in UK, the duration of staying, influence on their English speaking ability. Additionally, education is a significant factor that contributes in shaping an individual’s social and economical structure along with his or her decision making style regarding development of interpersonal relationship. In few cases, religious factors also have a say in an individual’s belief system by affecting the process of mate selection. In particular, the interracial relationship offers a great deal in the research area in order to explore the interaction among different socioeconomic factors both assigned and attained ones in inter-group relationship and partner selection. In case of mixed parentage, socialization from parental figure is one of the important influence in developing the dexterity of the surfacing of racial identity of a racially mixed child, whereas the peer group, community, experience regarding racial discrimination also matter significantly for a multiracial individual perceives self and others. However, the Britain features the highest rate of interracial relationships in western culture, but still the social acceptance regarding racial discrimination influences the socioeconomic structure quite greatly.
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